Desarrollo de un conector de un sistema de ficheros paralelo para el sistema HDFS: Evaluación de una prueba de concepto utilizando Expand

La integración de nuevos sistemas de ficheros en Apache Hadoop es un proceso largo y complejo debido a que está programado en un lenguaje de muy alto nivel y su interfaz no se ajusta a ningún estándar popular entre estos sistemas. Para paliar o dar solución a este problema, la propuesta es un conector genérico que oculte la interfaz para sistemas de ficheros proporcionada por Hadoop y suministre, en su lugar, una interfaz POSIX en el lenguaje de programación C. Como prueba de concepto, se proporciona la conexión con el sistema de ficheros paralelo Expand, desarrollado por el Grupo de Arquitectura de Computadores, Comunicaciones y Sistemas (ARCOS) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.Integration of new file systems in Apache Hadoop is a long and complex task due to its implementation in a high level language (Java) and its interface, which doesn’t conform to any popular standard used in those systems. To diminish or solve this problem, a fairly generic connector is proposed. Its main goal is to hide the Hadoop FileSystem interface and provide a POSIX interface for a C application to use. As a proof-of-concept, a connection with Expand parallel filesystem is included in the project. This system has been designed by the research group of computer architecture, communications and systems at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.Ingeniería Informátic

Development of an anomaly alert system triggered by unusual behaviors at home

In many countries, the number of elderly people has grown due to the increase in the life expectancy of the population, many of whom currently live alone and are prone to having accidents that they cannot report, especially if they are immobilized. For this reason, we have developed a non-intrusive IoT device, which, through multiple integrated sensors, collects information on habitual user behavior patterns and uses it to generate unusual behavior rules. These rules are used by our SecurHome system to send alert messages to the dependent person's family members or caregivers if their behavior changes abruptly over the course of their daily life. This document describes in detail the design and development of the SecurHome system.SecurHome is a multidisciplinary research project on ageing in the framework of the International Centre on Ageing (CENIE). It is a project evaluated by the Spanish State Agency for Research and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the Interreg V-A Spain–Portugal Cooperation Programme (POCTEP) 2014–2020

Comparative analysis between a respeaking captioning system and a captioning system without human intervention

People living with deafness or hearing impairment have limited access to information broadcast live on television. Live closed captioning is a currently active area of study; to our knowledge, there is no system developed thus far that produces high-quality captioning results without using scripts or human interaction. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the quality of captions generated for four Spanish news programs by two captioning systems: a semiautomatic system based on respeaking (system currently used by a Spanish TV station) and an automatic system without human interaction proposed and developed by the authors. The analysis is conducted by measuring and comparing the accuracy, latency and speed of the captions generated by both captioning systems. The captions generated by the system presented higher quality considering the accuracy in terms of Word Error Rate (WER between 3.76 and 7.29%) and latency of the captions (approximately 4 s) at an acceptable speed to access the information. We contribute a first study focused on the development and analysis of an automatic captioning system without human intervention with promising quality results. These results reinforce the importance of continuing to study these automatic systems

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure the Perception of Nursing Degree Students about the Learning Process in Primary Care

The aim of this study was to develop a tool for the evaluation of the learning process of the clinical practicum in primary care. The study was carried out in two phases: (1) identification of the categories that determine the perception of the nursing degree students about the learning process in the clinical practicum in primary care and the items for each category; and (2) cross-sectional study in a sample of 475 nursing degree students. The psychometric properties in terms of reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity were analyzed through a confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency for the entire questionnaire was 0.93, and that for each of the categories was above 0.70 in all cases. The chi-squared test was statistically significant (2.84; p < 0.001). The confirmatory factor analysis produced a model of 6 dimensions and 41 items. The parameters were estimated through the least squares method. All saturations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In view of the results of this study, it can be asserted that the questionnaire to measure the perception of the nursing degree students about the learning process in the community clinical practicum (QPCLP) presents good properties in terms of internal consistency and validity

COVID-19 Severity and Survival over Time in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Population-Based Registry Study

Mortality rates for COVID-19 have declined over time in the general population, but data in patients with hematologic malignancies are contradictory. We identified independent prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity and survival in unvaccinated patients with hematologic malignancies, compared mortality rates over time and versus non-cancer inpatients, and investigated post COVID-19 condition. Data were analyzed from 1166 consecutive, eligible patients with hematologic malignancies from the population-based HEMATO-MADRID registry, Spain, with COVID-19 prior to vaccination roll-out, stratified into early (February–June 2020; n = 769 (66%)) and later (July 2020–February 2021; n = 397 (34%)) cohorts. Propensity-score matched non-cancer patients were identified from the SEMI-COVID registry. A lower proportion of patients were hospitalized in the later waves (54.2%) compared to the earlier (88.6%), OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.11–0.20. The proportion of hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU was higher in the later cohort (103/215, 47.9%) compared with the early cohort (170/681, 25.0%, 2.77; 2.01–3.82). The reduced 30-day mortality between early and later cohorts of non-cancer inpatients (29.6% vs. 12.6%, OR 0.34; 0.22–0.53) was not paralleled in inpatients with hematologic malignancies (32.3% vs. 34.8%, OR 1.12; 0.81–1.5). Among evaluable patients, 27.3% had post COVID-19 condition. These findings will help inform evidence-based preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19 diagnosis.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEFundación Madrileña de Hematología y HemoterapiaFundación Leucemia y LinfomaAsociación Madrileña de Hematología y Hemoterapiapu

Resultado a los 5 años del balón de corte o incisión en el tratamiento de la reestenosis de stent coronario con balón farmacoactivo

Introduction and objectives: Drug-eluting balloon (DEB) angioplasty is an effective technique to treat in-stent restenosis (ISR). Neointimal modification with cutting balloon (CB) or scoring balloon (SB) enhances the angiographic results of DEB, but with no benefits have been reported in the clinical endpoints at the mid-term. There is lack of information on the clinical long-term results of this strategy. We aim to compare very long-term results of CB before DEB vs standard DEB to treat real-world patients with ISR. Methods: Retrospective cohort registry of DEB PCIs to treat ISR defined by the use of CB. The primary endpoint was clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 5 years. The secondary endpoints were based on the ARC-2 criteria. Results: From January 2010 to December 2015, 107 ISRs were treated with DEB in 91 patients. CBs were used in 51 lesions (46 patients). Both cohorts were well balanced regarding clinical, lesion, and procedural characteristics. Compared to standard DEBs, CBs showed lower, although statistically non-significant rates, of TLR at 5 years (9.8% vs 23.6%, OR, 0.36; 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 1.09 P = .05). The Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence of time until TLR showed similar results (log-rank test P value = .05) with similar rates of TLR at 1 year (3.9% vs 7.1%, P = .68) as curve separation in the long-term. There were no differences in the secondary endpoints. No stent thrombosis was reported. Conclusions: In a real-world setting, neointimal modification with CB before DEB vs standard DEB to treat ISR shows lower, although statistically non-significant rates of TLR at 5 years. This benefit has been confirmed in the long-term and is consistent with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents.Introducción y objetivos: El uso de balón farmacoactivo (BFA) es una estrategia efectiva en el tratamiento de la reestenosis de stents coronarios (RIS). La modificación neointimal con balón de corte (BC) o incisión junto con BFA se asocia a mejores resultados angiográficos, aunque sin impacto en eventos clínicos a medio plazo. Los resultados clínicos de esta estrategia a muy largo plazo en la vida real son desconocidos. Se evaluó la eficacia de BC junto con BFA frente a BFA estándar en un registro de pacientes de la vida real con RIS a muy largo plazo (5 años). Métodos: Registro retrospectivo de 2 cohortes de pacientes con RIS tratados con BFA, definidas por el uso de BC. El evento primario fue la tasa de revascularización clínicamente indicada de la lesión tratada a 5 años. Se valoraron eventos secundarios según los criterios ARC-2. Resultados: Entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015 se usó BFA en 107 RIS en 91 pacientes. En 51 lesiones (46 pacientes) se utilizó BC. Ambas cohortes presentaron similares características clínicas y de procedimiento. Respecto al uso estándar de BFA, el BC consiguió una reducción numérica, pero no significativa, en la tasa de revascularización de la lesión tratada a 5 años (9,8% frente a 23,6%; odds ratio = 0,36; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,19-1,09; p = 0,05). El análisis de incidencia acumulada de Kaplan-Meier mostró resultados parecidos (log-rank, p = 0,05), con similar tasa de eventos a 1 año (3,9% frente a 7,1%; p = 0,68), y separación de las curvas con el tiempo. No se evidenciaron diferencias en los eventos secundarios. No hubo trombosis de stent en la cohorte. Conclusiones: En una cohorte de la vida real, la modificación neointimal de la RIS con BC junto con BFA, en comparación con BFA estándar, logra una reducción numérica, pero no significativa, en la tasa de revascularización de la lesión tratada a 5 años. El beneficio de esta estrategia se evidencia a largo plazo y es consistente entre RIS de stent convencional y de stent farmacoactivo

Rapid and Reproducible MALDI-TOF-Based Method for the Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Using Classifying Algorithms

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium represents a health threat due to its ability to spread and cause outbreaks. MALDI-TOF MS has demonstrated its usefulness for E. faecium identification, but its implementation for antimicrobial resistance detection is still under evaluation. This study assesses the repeatability of MALDI-TOF MS for peak analysis and its performance in the discrimination of vancomycin-susceptible (VSE) from vancomycin-resistant isolates (VRE). The study was carried out on protein spectra from 178 E. faecium unique clinical isolates—92 VSE, 31 VanA VRE, 55 VanB VRE-, processed with Clover MS Data Analysis software. Technical and biological repeatability were assayed. Unsupervised (principal component analysis, (PCA)) and supervised algorithms (support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)) were applied. The repeatability assay was performed with 18 peaks common to VSE and VRE with intensities above 1.0% of the maximum peak intensity. It showed lower variability for normalized data and for the peaks within the 3000–9000 m/z range. It was found that 80.9%, 79.2% and 77.5% VSE vs. VRE discrimination was achieved by applying SVM, RF and PLS-DA, respectively. Correct internal differentiation of VanA from VanB VRE isolates was obtained by SVM in 86.6% cases. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS and peak analysis could represent a rapid and effective tool for VRE screening. However, further improvements are needed to increase the accuracy of this approach

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure the Perception of Nursing Degree Students about the Learning Process in Primary Care

The aim of this study was to develop a tool for the evaluation of the learning process of the clinical practicum in primary care. The study was carried out in two phases: (1) identification of the categories that determine the perception of the nursing degree students about the learning process in the clinical practicum in primary care and the items for each category; and (2) cross-sectional study in a sample of 475 nursing degree students. The psychometric properties in terms of reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity were analyzed through a confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency for the entire questionnaire was 0.93, and that for each of the categories was above 0.70 in all cases. The chi-squared test was statistically significant (2.84; p p < 0.05). In view of the results of this study, it can be asserted that the questionnaire to measure the perception of the nursing degree students about the learning process in the community clinical practicum (QPCLP) presents good properties in terms of internal consistency and validity